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Temperature significantly influences the accuracy of particle imaging systems, altering particle dynamics and instrument response. In environments where precise measurements of particle size, shape, velocity, or concentration are required—in fields ranging from environmental sensing to microfluidics—fluctuations in temperature can introduce substantial errors if not properly accounted for.

The dominant mechanism by which temperature interferes is via air’s physical property shifts. As temperature increases, gas molecules spread apart, reducing resistance, which changes how particles respond to airflow. This means that particles exhibit prolonged suspension and enhanced lateral movement when heated, leading to misrepresented motion vectors in PIV analysis. Such changes can confuse computational models grounded in steady-state fluid assumptions, resulting in skewed vector field outputs.

Cold conditions heighten fluid viscosity, reducing particle responsiveness, potentially causing them to accumulate in localized zones or resist homogeneous distribution, which distorts particle number density measurements.

Temperature also impacts the optical properties of the imaging medium. Many particle imaging systems use collimated laser sheets or fluorescent excitation beams. Changes in temperature can cause altered light-bending properties of the medium, 粒子形状測定 inducing optical aberrations. This leads to smearing, ghosting, or mislocated particle centroids. Even localized heat variations in the chamber can create thermal mirages that replicate particle trajectories, particularly in high-precision setups like digital in-line holography or particle image velocimetry.

Furthermore, temperature affects the performance of the imaging sensors themselves. Both sensor types amplify noise proportionally with temperature. Elevated sensor temperatures generate more dark current, leading to signal contamination that mimics particle presence. Active temperature control is crucial to preserve signal quality, especially during multi-frame acquisitions or detailed particle tracking.

The imaging fluid’s thermal behavior significantly influences results. In liquid-based systems, temperature changes can alter surface tension and evaporation rates, causing droplets or bubbles to deform or evaporate mid-imaging. In particulate matrices undergo dimensional shifts under thermal stress, giving the illusion of clustering or dilution. Even the particle-specific attributes including n and α coefficients—can change dynamically, modifying scattering efficiency, and thus the fidelity of their imaging signature.

To mitigate these effects, researchers and engineers must implement rigorous environmental controls. This includes stabilizing ambient heat, enclosing the volume with thermal insulation, and mapping system response across thermal gradients. Continuous sensor feedback enables adaptive algorithm tuning. High-end platforms embed thermal probes to dynamically modulate laser power, shutter speed, or flow assumptions.

To dismiss temperature as incidental is to ignore its core role in dictating particle dynamics and imaging fidelity. Neglecting thermal control introduces irreversible inaccuracies. For reliable data output, thermal stabilization must be embedded into standard operating procedures.