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Introduction What's sickle cell disease (SCD)? What causes sickle cell anemia? What are the signs of sickle cell anemia? What are the treatments for sickle cell anemia? What's the prognosis for sickle cell anemia? What is sickle cell illness (SCD)? Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by inherited abnormal hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein inside the purple blood cells). The abnormal hemoglobin causes distorted (sickled appearing underneath a microscope) crimson blood cells. The sickled purple blood cells are fragile and liable to rupture. When the variety of red blood cells decreases from rupture (hemolysis), anemia is the end result. This situation is known as sickle cell anemia. The irregular sickled cells may block blood vessels inflicting tissue and organ harm and pain. Sickle cell anemia is one among the commonest inherited blood anemias. The illness primarily impacts Africans and African Americans. It is estimated that within the United States, some 90,000 to 100,000 Americans are bothered with sickle cell anemia.

Overall, current estimates are that one in 500 U.S. African American births is affected by sickle cell anemia. What causes sickle cell anemia? Sickling of the pink blood cells in patients with sickle cell anemia results in cells of abnormal shape and diminished flexibility. The sickling is promoted by conditions related to low oxygen ranges, increased acidity, or low quantity (dehydration) of the blood. These circumstances can happen due to damage to the physique's tissues, BloodVitals SPO2 dehydration, or anesthesia. Certain organs are predisposed to lower oxygen levels or acidities, similar to when blood moves slowly via the spleen, liver, or kidney. In addition, organs with significantly excessive metabolism rates (such because the mind, muscles, and the placenta in a pregnant lady with sickle cell anemia) promote sickling by extracting extra oxygen from the blood. These situations make these organs susceptible to harm from sickle cell anemia. What are the signs of sickle cell anemia? Virtually all of the major signs of sickle cell anemia are the direct result of the abnormally formed, sickled crimson blood cells blocking the flow of blood that circulates by means of the tissues of the physique.

The tissues with impaired circulation endure harm from a scarcity of oxygen. Damage to tissues and organs of the physique can cause extreme disability in patients with sickle cell anemia. The patients endure episodes of intermittent "crises" of variable frequency and severity, relying on the degree of organ involvement. Many features sometimes happen in certain age groups. Infants with sickle cell anemia do not develop signs in the primary few months of life as a result of the hemoglobin produced by the growing fetus (fetal hemoglobin) protects the red blood cells from sickling. This fetal hemoglobin is absent within the red blood cells which are produced after birth in order that by 5 months of age, BloodVitals SPO2 the sickling of the pink blood cells is outstanding and symptoms begin. Symptoms in adults sometimes are intermittent pain episodes on account of damage of bone, muscle, or inner organs. Sickle cell anemia is advised when the abnormal sickle-formed cells in the blood are identified beneath a microscope.

Testing is typically performed on a smear of blood utilizing a particular low-oxygen preparation. That is referred to as sickle prep. Other prep assessments can also be used to detect abnormal hemoglobin S, including solubility checks carried out on tubes of blood solutions. The disease will be confirmed by specifically quantifying the forms of hemoglobin current using hemoglobin electrophoresis. Prenatal prognosis (earlier than beginning) of sickle cell anemia is feasible using amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. The sample obtained is then examined for DNA evaluation of the fetal cells. The hemoglobin electrophoresis take a look at exactly identifies the hemoglobin within the blood by separating them. The separation of the different hemoglobin is feasible because of the unique electrical charges they every have on their protein surfaces, causing them each to move characteristically in an electrical area as examined in the laboratory. What are the remedies for sickle cell anemia? Fatigue is a common symptom in persons with sickle cell anemia.

Sickle cell anemia causes a chronic form of anemia, which can result in fatigue. The sickled pink blood cells are prone to breakage (hemolysis) which causes decreased red blood cell life span (the conventional life span of a red blood cell is a hundred and twenty days). These sickled pink blood cells are simply detected with a microscope examination of a smear of blood on a glass slide. Typically, the site of red blood cell production (bone marrow) works time beyond regulation to provide these cells quickly, making an attempt to compensate for their destruction within the circulation. Occasionally, the bone marrow suddenly stops producing purple blood cells, which causes a really severe type of anemia (aplastic crises). Aplastic crises might be promoted by infections that otherwise would seem less vital, including viruses of the stomach and bowels and the flu (influenza). Sickle cell anemia tends to stabilize without particular treatments. The diploma of anemia is defined by the measurement of the blood hemoglobin degree. Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in purple blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the physique's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.